Photo:
National
Archives Collection of Foreign Records Seized, Heinrich Hoffmann collection,
PD-US https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22501218FASCIST. Are you one? Who is bringing fascism to the
United States? It’s been a term loose on the lips for a good while in political
discourse here. Now, it’s taking off like a TikTok video.
We have a general notion of what fascism is; academic
historians and political scientists, even literary figures, have more formal
ways of talking about it. Here and now, it’s just a sound-bite insult. But given
the importance of whether or not we’re heading there, we ought to stop and
consider the concept during these last few days of shaky calm before The Vote.
What do we think of when we think of fascists and fascism? Storm
troopers burning books; thugs in distinctive clothing (blackshirts,
brownshirts) marching on/intimidating elected officials; vigilante justice and
police/secret police impunity; sustained attacks on a scapegoated minority; centralized
political power and persecution of dissidents; censorship, fear, regimentation,
and a charismatic (to some—ridiculous to others) chief demagogue—does that cover
it?
Wikipedia says fascism (FASH-iz-əm)
is “a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and
movement characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy,
militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social
hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the
nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.
Merriam-Webster adds a detail. It says fascism is a populist political philosophy,
movement, or regime “that exalts nation and often race above the individual.” Can’t
have populism, then, even though that used to mean “the people,” i.e., the
regular people in their struggle with their bosses, the banks, and the elites
in general.
The Encyclopedia Britannica notes that “fascist parties and movements differed significantly from one
another” historically, but they have in common “extreme militaristic
nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural
liberalism” as well as belief in “the rule of elites.” So, EB says they
aren’t populist at all even though they might pretend to be. Doesn’t that sound
familiar?
Humberto Eco (The Name of the Rose) once wrote a long essay on the topic and listed a dozen elements (14 actually) that he thought
characterized fascism. Unlike the three definitions above, Eco emphasized that fascism
is hard to pin down because it is essentially anti-intellectual and emotive. So,
“fascism” may be something like pornography: a thing very hard to precisely
distinguish from close cousins like erotic art but pretty easy to recognize
when it’s, um, in your face. “Fascism” thus could just mean extreme bloody-mindedness
for one person while for another the same behavior or policy would merit
massive, even extra-constitutional resistance.
In my view, this is the key distinction that we should
examine because there are plenty of signs that our polarized polity is stepping
right to the edge of that conclusion, i.e., that our “democracy” is in danger
and must be preserved by any means necessary, including anti-democratic ones. (“Democracy,”
of course, being another emotive and hard-to-define object.)
I’m going to go through Eco’s 14 signs and see if Trump
really is one, but [spoiler alert] I’ll also suggest that the finger-pointing
Democrats are not immune to the accusation in certain important ways.
Eco 1: The Cult of Tradition, the idea that things
were great once and we just have to get back there. MAGA sums that up nicely,
and Trump’s Christian fundamentalist base certainly harkens back to a Golden
Age when we were a “Christian nation” (First Amendment be damned). The Dems are really on the opposite side of this. Hillary famously praised the “innovative”
coasts and the brave new world of hi-tech.
Eco 2: Anti-Modernism, a
rejection not just of recent changes like civil rights, gender equity, and
sexual emancipation but, in extreme cases, the Enlightenment itself, the Age of
Reason that shed religious dogma for science, individual liberty, and the
expanded franchise to non-property holders. Trump doesn’t reflect this much,
but some of his supporters do, like Peter Thiel who laments women’s suffrage.
Eco 3: The Cult of Action, often expressed in contempt
for pointy-headed intellectuals. This is present in Trump’s movement, but it’s
nothing new. The GOP has embraced this resentment since the days of Nixon and
Agnew (“nattering nabobs of negativism”), and Democrats regularly play right
into it, for example, by the shoddy “expert” handling of things like Covid and,
most famously, Hillary’s “deplorables” line. Iva League graduate Vance says universities are the enemy except when they shut down protests against genocide.
Eco 4: Disagreement is Treason. Trump hates turncoats
worse than anything and doesn’t forgive. Mike Pence isn’t welcome at his
rallies (though he could go to Kamala’s and get a round of applause.) The
censorship-industrial complex put together by the Dems (and cheered by most liberals) is authoritarian if not
fascism-lite and certainly a solid precedent for an uglier version to come. And
P.S., the Guantánamo dungeon is still open after both R and D presidencies
could have shut it down. Lest we forget: no one was ever punished for torturing
defenseless prisoners. The apparatus for crushing dissent has been in place for
a while. If fascism is so dangerous, why did everyone sign off on its tools?
Eco 5: Fear of Difference. Trumpism is guilty,
witness the anti-Obama birther conspiracy and rhetoric about immigration “poisoning the blood of our nation.” Not to mention the allergy to
transgenderism. Dems embrace “diversity” in superficial traits like ethnicity
and sexual partners but draw the line at people who dare to challenge them or run
against their anointed candidates (vade retro, Bernie S).
Eco 6: Appeal to a Frustrated Middle Class. Democrats
handed this to Trump by not taking care of people’s concrete material wellbeing
over the last few decades. So, yes, they’re resentful and have every right to be. We could say those voters
are more resentful of a loss of status than survival issues, but in most cases
it’s probably both. And what’s wrong with wanting some status?
Eco 7: Obsession with Plots. Q-Anon, of course; Stop
the Steal, of course. But wait a minute—Russiagate? Misinformation spread by
Iran? Both sides get an F.
Eco 8: Deceptively Strong/Weak Eternal Opponent. Eco
says that fascism requires an enemy that is both too strong (justifying harsh
measures) and essentially weak (undermining the nation). Jews fit the bill for
Hitler, inferior and weak but also secretly in control of everything. I suppose
the Deep State could serve here with the accusation that they’ve taken over the
government but then can’t deliver in Ukraine, Gaza, Lebanon, Afghanistan, etc. Dems
treat the MAGAs similarly, an internal fifth column (strong) but also “deplorable”
and incompetent (weak).
Eco 9: Life as Permanent Warfare. This seems like a
stretch to lay on one side or the other though the Trumpians are more openly belligerent.
Eco 10: Contempt for the Weak. Like true fascists, Trump
mocks the weak, mocks his enemies as being weak, and seems congenitally
incapable of recognizing that he ever did anything wrong. OTOH, Kamala doesn’t
recognize that she ever did anything, so there’s that. And could Blinken,
Biden, Harris, Sullivan be any more contemptuous of the Palestinians of Gaza?
They’re defenseless, so naturally we slaughter them, right?
Eco 11: Cult of Heroism. This doesn’t seem to be a
big factor in U.S. politics at present though Dems love to parade military
types, showcase generals on talk shows, and run CIA agents for elective office.
Who are the MAGA heroes? Kyle Rittenhouse? Trump doesn’t like to share the
stage with anyone.
Eco 12: Machismo. Bingo.
Eco 13: Selective Populism: Fascism claims to speak
for “the People” while enriching the elites. Both sides guilty as hell.
Eco 14: Newspeak. Where to begin? The English
language long ago entered its decadent period with the shift from “torture” to “enhanced
interrogation.”
Speaking of fascism, was Trump’s Madison Square Garden rally
a fascist display? Liberal media certainly think so. All the Dem-leaning talk shows went absolutely ballistic, comparing it to a Nazi
event held there a century ago.
Sorry, people, not convincing. After all, 400 members of BOTH
parties stood and cheered a real, bonafide fascist on the floor of the House of
Representatives not so long ago, one who is actively carrying out a mass murder
of untermenschen before the entire world with U.S. weaponry, money, and
support. Clips of that infamous display will someday terrify our grandchildren.
The same liberal outlets clutching their pearls actively collaborate every day by
pushing out the genocidal party line from Jerusalem. Their piously “democratic”
university presidents attack anyone who objects. Now we’re supposed to forget all
that and lose our minds over Trump.
Is Trump a fascist? If so, he’s got company and plenty of it.